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? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter august 2009 fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter features low-noise, constant-frequency operation at heavy load high-efficiency, pulse-skip (pfm) operation at light load switch configurations (1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1) 92% peak efficiency input voltage range: 2.7v to 5.5v output current: 4.5v, 100ma at v in = 3.6v 3% output voltage accuracy i cc < 1a in shutdown mode 1mhz operating frequency shutdown isolates output from input soft-start limits inrush current at startup short-circuit and over-temperature protection minimum external component count no inductors applications cell phones handheld computers portable rf communication equipment core supply to low-power processors low-voltage dc bus dsp supplies description the fan5602 is a universal switched capacitor dc/dc converter capable of step-up or step-down operation. due to its unique adaptive fractional switching topology, the device achieves high efficiency over a wider input/ output voltage range than any of its predecessors. the fan5602 utilizes resistance-modulated loop control, which produces lower switching noise than other topolo- gies. depending upon actual load conditions, the device automatically switches between constant-frequency and pulse-skipping modes of operation to extend battery life. the fan5602 produces a fixed regulated output within the range of 2.7v to 5.5v from any type of voltage source. high efficiency is achieved under various input/ output voltage conditions because an internal logic circuit automatically reconfigures the system to the best possi- ble topology. only two 1f bucket capacitors and one 10f output capacitor are needed. during power on, soft-start circuitry prevents excessive current drawn from the supply. the device is protected against short-circuit and over-temperature conditions. the fan5602 is available with 4.5v and 5.0v output volt- ages in a 3x3mm 8-lead mlp package. ordering information note: 1. reference mlp08d option b only. 2. for fairchild?s definition of ?green? eco status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html . application diagram figure 1. typical application diagram part number package eco status output voltage, n vom fam6502mp45x 3x3mm 8-lead mlp green 4.5v fan5602mp5x 3x3mm 8-lead mlp green 5.0v fan5602 c out c b c in gnd v in v out c2+ c1+ c1- c2- enable input 2.7v to 5.5v 2 1 3 4 5 8 7 6
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 2 block diagram figure 2. block diagram band gap soft-start current sense pfm mode sc uvlo oscillator v in v out control logic driver en light load fb fb bg bg ref v in 150mv v out 1.6v v in heavy load en error amp v in gnd c1+ c1- c2+ c2- v out enable s w i t c h a r r a y
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 3 pin assignments figure 3. pin assignments pin descriptions pin # name description 1v in supply voltage input. 2 c2+ bucket capacitor2. positive connection. 3 c2- bucket capacitor2. negative connection. 4 gnd ground 5 c1- bucket capacitor1. negative connection. 6v out regulated output voltage. bypass this pin with 10 f ceramic low-esr capacitor. 7 c1+ bucket capacitor1. positive connection. 8 enable enable input. logic high enables the chip and logic low disables the chip, reducing the supply current to less than 1a. do not float this pin. 3x3mm 8-lead mlp gnd v in c2+ c2- c1+ c1- v out enable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 4 absolute maximum ratings stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. the device may not function or be opera- ble above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. in addi- tion, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. the absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. note: 2. using mil std. 883e, method 3015.7 (human body model) and eiaj/jesd22c101-a (charged device model). recommended operating conditions the recommended operating conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to absolute maximum ratings. note: 3. refer to figure 9 in typical performance characteristics. symbol parameter min. max. unit v in v in, v out, enable, voltage to gnd -3.0 6.0 v voltage at c1+,c1-,c2+, and c2-to gnd -3.0 v in +0.3 v p d power dissipation internally limited t l lead soldering temperature (10 seconds) 300 c t j junction temperature 150 c t stg storage temperature -55 150 c esd human body model (hbm) 2 kv charged device model (cdm) 2 kv symbol parameter condition min. typ. max. unit v in input voltage 1.8 5.5 v i l load current v in < 2v 30 ma 4.5 & 5.5,v in = 3.6v 100 t a ambient temperature -40 +85 c
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 5 dc electrical characteristics v in = 2.7v to 5.5v, c 1 = c 2 = 1f, c in = c out = 10f, enable = v in , t a = -40c to +85c unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = 25c. symbol parameter condition min. typ. max. unit v uvlo input under-voltage lockout 1.5 1.7 2.2 v v out output voltage v in 0.75 x v nom , 0ma < i load <100ma 0.97 x v nom v nom 1.03 x v nom v i q quiescent current v in 1.1 x v nom , i load = 0ma 170 300 a off mode supply current enable = gnd 0.1 1.0 a output short-circuit v out < 150mv 200 ma efficiency v in = 0.85 x v nom, i load = 30ma 4.5, 5.0v 80 % v in = 1.1 x v nom, i load = 30ma 4.5, 5.0v 92 f osc oscillator frequency t a = 25c 0.7 1.0 1.3 mhz t sd thermal shutdown threshold 145 c t sdhys thermal shutdown threshold hysteresis 15 c v ih enable logic input high voltage 1.5 v v il enable logic input low voltage 0.5 v i en enable logic input bias current enable =v in or gnd -1 1 a t on v out turn-on time v in = 0.9 x v nom , i load = 0ma,10% to 90% 0.5 ms v out ripple v in = 2.5v, i load = 200ma 10 mvpp
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 6 typical performance characteristics t a = 25c, v out = 4.5v unless otherwise noted. figure 4. quiescent current vs. input voltage figure 5. shutdown current vs. input voltage figure 6. line regulation figure 7. efficiency vs. input voltage figure 8. load regulation figure 9. output current capacity vs. input voltage input voltage (v) quiescent current (a) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1234 56 input voltage (v) shutdown current (na) input voltage efficiency 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2.500 3.500 3.000 4.500 5.500 4.000 5.000 load current = 10ma load current = 50ma load current = 100ma load current = 150ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.30 4.35 4.40 4.45 4.50 4.55 input voltage (v) output voltage (v) i load = 100ma v out = 4.5v 1 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 load currrent (ma) output voltage (v) v in = 3.6v input voltage (v) load current (ma) 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 dv out < 10% dv out < 3%
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 7 typical performance characteristics (continued) t a = 25c and v out = 4.5v unless otherwise noted. figure 10. output voltage vs. input volt age figure 11. output voltage vs. ambient temperature figure 12. peak efficiency vs. load current figure 13. enable threshold vs. input voltage figure 14. mode change threshold and hysteresis 4.3 4.35 4.4 4.45 4.5 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 ambient temperature (c) output voltage (v) load current = 10ma 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 23456 input voltage ( v ) output voltage (v) load current = 10ma load current = 50ma load current = 100ma load current = 150ma load current = 200ma 60 65 70 75 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 efficiency (%) v in = 3.6v 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2345 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6 enable (v) mode change threshold (v) 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 0 50 100 150 200 load current (ma) mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 8 typical performance characteristics (continued) t a = 25c, c in = c out = 10f, c b = 1f, v out = 4.5v unless otherwise noted. figure 15. output ripple figure 16. output ripple figure 17. output ripple figure 18. output ripple figure 19. output ripple figure 20. output ripple time (100 s/div) output ripple (20 mv/div) i out = 200ma v in = 2.5v time (100 s/div) output ripple (20 mv/div) i out = 200ma v in = 3.6v time (100 s/div) output ripple ( 20 mv/div) i out = 200ma v in = 4.2v time (100 s/div) output ripple (20 mv/div) i out = 300ma v in = 2.5v i out = 300ma v in = 3.6v time (100 s/div) output ripple (20 mv/div) i out = 300ma v in = 4.2v time (100 s/div) output ripple (20 mv/div)
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 9 functional description fan5602 is a high-efficiency, low-noise switched capaci- tor dc/dc converter capable of step-up and step-down operations. it has seven built-in switch configurations. based on the ratio of the input voltage to the output volt- age, the fan5602 automatically reconfigures the switch to achieve the highest efficiency. the regulation of the output is achieved by a linear regulation loop, which modulates the on-resistance of the power transistors so that the amount of charge transferred from the input to the flying capacitor at each clock cycle is controlled and is equal to the charge needed by the load. the current spike is reduced to minimum. at light load, the fan5602 automatically switches to pulse frequency modulation (pfm) mode to save power. the regulation at pfm mode is achieved by skipping pulses. linear regulation loop the fan5602 operates at constant frequency at load higher than 10ma. the linear regulation loop consisting of power transistors, feedback (resistor divider), and error amplifier is used to realize the regulation of the out- put voltage and to reduce the current spike. the error amplifier takes feedback and reference as inputs and generates the error voltage signal. the error voltage sig- nal is then used as the gate voltage of the power transis- tor and modulates the on-resistance of the power transistor and, therefore, the charge transferred from the input to the output is controlled and the regulation of the output is realized. since the charge transfer is controlled, the fan5602 has a small esr spike. switch array switch configurations the fan5602 has seven built-in switch configurations, including 1:1, 3:2, 2:1 and 3:1 for step-down and 2:3, 1:2 and 1:3 for step-up. when 1.5 x v out > v in > v out , the 1:1 mode shown in figure 21 is used. in this mode, the internal oscillator is turned off. the power transistors connecting the input and the output become pass transistors and their gate voltages are controlled by the linear regulation loop, the rest of power transistors are turned off. in this mode, the fan5602 operates exactly like a low dropout (ldo) regu- lator and the ripple of the output is in the micro-volt range. when 1.5 x v in > v out > v in , the 2:3 mode (step-up) shown in figure 22 is used. in the charging phase, two flying capacitors are placed in series and each capacitor is charged to a half of the input voltage. in pumping phase, the flying capacitors are placed in parallel. the input is connected to the bottom the capacitors so that the top of the capacitors is boosted to a voltage that equals v in /2 + v in , i.e., 3/2 x v in . by connecting the top of the capacitors to the output, one can ideally charge the output to 3/2 x v in . if 3/2 x v in is higher than the needed v out , the linear regulation loop adjusts the on- resistance to drop some voltage. boosting the voltage of the top of the capacitors to 3/2 x v in by connecting v in the bottom of the capacitors, boosts the power efficiency 3/2 times. in 2:3 mode, the ideal power efficiency is v out /1.5 x v in . for example, if v in = 2v, v out = 2 x v in = 4v, the ideal power efficiency is 100%. when 2 x v in > v out > 1.5 x v in , the 1:2 mode (step-up) shown in figure 23 is used. both in the charging phase and in pumping phase, two flying capacitors are placed in parallel. in charging phase, the capacitors are charged to the input voltage. in the pumping phase, the input volt- age is placed to the bottom of the capacitors. the top of the capacitors is boosted to 2 x v in . by connecting the top of the capacitors to the output, one can ideally charge the output to 2 x v in . boosting the voltage on the top of the capacitors to 2v in boosts the power efficiency 2 times. in 1:2 mode, the ideal power efficiency is v out /2 x v in . for example, v in = 2v, v out = 2 x v in = 4v, the ideal power efficiency is 100%. when 3 x v in > v out > 2 x v in , the 1:3 mode (step-up) shown in figure 24 is used. in charging phase, two flying capacitors are placed in parallel and each is charged to v in . in the pumping phase, the two flying capacitors are placed in series and the input is connected to the bottom of the series connected capacitors. the top of the series connected capacitors is boosted to 3 x v in . the ideal power efficiency is boosted 3 times and is equal to v out / 3v in. for example, v in = 1v, v out = 3 x v in = 3v, the ideal power efficiency is 100%. by connecting the output to the top of the series connected capacitors, one can charge the output to 3 x v in . the internal logic in the fan5602 monitors the input and the output compares them, and automatically selects the switch configuration to achieve the highest efficiency. the step-down modes 3:2, 2:1, and 3:1 can be under- stood by reversing the function of v in and v out in the above discussion. the built-in modes improve power efficiency and extend the battery life. for example, if v out = 5v, mode 1:2 needs a minimum v in = 2.5v. by built-in 1:3 mode, the minimum battery voltage is extended to 1.7v.
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 10 switch array modes figure 21. mode 1 (1:1) figure 23. mode 3 (1:2 or 2:1) all switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 figure 22. mode 2 (2:3 or 3:2) all switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 figure 24. mode 4 (1:3 or 3:1) all switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 light-load operation the power transistors used in the charge pump are very large in size. the dynamic loss from the switching the power transistors is not small and increases its propor- tion of the total power consumption as the load gets light. to save power, the fan5602 switches, when the load is less than 10ma, from constant frequency to pulse-skip- ping mode (pfm) for modes 2:3(3:2), 1:2(2:1) and 1:3(3:1), except mode 1:1. in pfm mode, the linear loop is disabled and the error amplifier is turned off. a pfm comparator is used to setup an upper threshold and a lower threshold for the output. when the output is lower than the lower threshold, the oscillator is turned on and the charge pump starts working and keeps delivering charges from the input to the output until the output is higher than the upper threshold. the oscillator shuts off power transistors and delivers the charge to the output from the output capacitor. pfm operation is not used for mode 1:1, even if at light load. mode 1:1 is designed as an ldo with the oscillator off. the power transistors at ldo mode are not switching and therefore do not have the dynamic loss. switching from linear operation to pfm mode (i load <10ma) and from pfm to linear mode (i load >10ma) is automatic, based on the load current, which is monitored all the time. short circuit when the output voltage is lower than 150mv, the fan5602 enters short-circuit condition. in this condition, all power transistors are turned off. a small transistor shorting the input and the output turns on and charges the output. this transistor stays on as long as the v out <150mv. since this transistor is very small, the current from the input to the output is limited. once the short at the output is eliminated, this transistor is large enough to charge the output higher than 150mv and the fan5602 enters soft-start period. soft start the fan5602 uses a constant current, charging a low- pass filter to generate a ramp. the ramp is used as refer- ence voltage during the startup. since the ramp starts at zero and goes up slowly, the output follows the ramp and inrush current is restricted. when the ramp is higher than bandgap voltage, the bandgap voltage supersedes ramp as reference and the soft start is over. the soft start takes about 500s. thermal shutdown the fan5602 goes to thermal shutdown if the junction temperature is over 150c with 15c hysteresis. gnd s1a s2a top c1+ c1- c1 mid mid top c1 c2 c1+ c1- c2+ c2- s3a s4a s1a s2a s3b s4b s1b s2b mid top gnd c1+ c1+ c1- c1- c1 c2 s1a s1a s2a s3a s4b s5 s3b mid top gnd c1+ c2+ c1- c2- c1 c2 s1a s2a s2b s4a s4b s5 s3b
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 11 application information using the fan5602 to drive lcd backlighting the fan5602 4.5v option is ideal for driving the back- lighting and flash leds for portable devices. one fan5602 device can supply the roughly 150ma needed to power both the backlight and the flash leds. even though drawing this much current from the fan5602 drives the part out of the 3% output regulation, it is not a problem. the backlight and flash leds still produce opti- mal brightness at the reduced regulation. when building this circuit, use ceramic capacitors with low esr. all capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the fan5602 in the pcb layout. figure 25. circuit for backlighting / flash application fan5602 v out v in 1f 1f 10f 10f 50 50 50 50 20 fol216ciw fol625ciw flash backlight battery 3.2 to 4.2v
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 12 package dimensions . figure 26. 8-lead, 3x3mm, molded leadless package (mlp), .8mm thick package drawings are provided as a servic e to customers considering fairchild co mponents. drawings may change in any manner without notice. please note the revision and/or date on the drawi ng and contact a fairchild semic onductor representative to ver ify or obtain the most recent revision. package specifications do not expand the terms of fairchild?s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers fairchild products. always visit fairchild semiconductor?s online packagi ng area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/ .
fan5602 ? universal (step-up/step-down) charge pump regulated dc/dc converter ? 2005 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com fan5602 rev. 1.5.3 13

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